The rapid growth of artificial intelligence and cloud computing is outpacing the ability of many community water systems to deliver large bursts of water on the hottest days of the year to keep the nation's data processing centers cool. A study posted to the arXiv preprint server by a UC Riverside research team in collaboration with Caltech found that community waterworks across the United States will need billions of dollars in new infrastructure to meet spikes in data center water demands during peak usage.